[ **up: [[Mammals]]** ] --- # Chimpanzees (*Pan troglodytes*) > The chimpanzee \[…] also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one.[^1] --- ## Ecology [[2024-1224. While chimpanzees live in a wide range of habitats (from rain forest to savannah), bonobos live in primarily forested habitats.|Chimpanzees live in a wide range of habitats (from rain forest to savannah).]][^2] --- ## Behaviour ### Group structure [[2024-1224. Chimpanzees live in permanent social groups, in which males co-operatively defend group territory; between-group hostilities are hostile and sometimes lethal.|Chimpanzees live in permanent social groups, in which males co-operatively defend group territory; between-group hostilities are hostile and sometimes lethal.]][^2] [[2024-1224. Bonobos, like chimpanzees, live in multi-male, multi-female groups, in which males are philopatric while females disperse.|Chimpanzees live in multi-male, multi-female groups, in which males are philopatric while females disperse.]][^2] [[2024-1224. 'Unlike chimpanzees, where all adult males dominate all females, female bonobos can dominate males, especially in alliances, and exclude them from feeding sites'.|Adult males ‘dominate all females’.]][^2] [[2024-1224. Bonobos do not appear to engager in male patrolling and territorial behaviour seen in chimpanzees.|Chimpanzees engage in male patrolling and territorial behaviour.]][^2] > In contrast, females would be expected to be less social as it is indeed observed in common chimpanzees (*Pan troglodytes*) where females often travel alone or in small family groups (Goodall 1986).[^3] ### Mating and parenting #### Weaning [[2024-0414. Bonobos and chimpanzees wean their young at around 4–5 years; gorillas around 3–4 years.|Chimpanzees wean their young at around 4–5 years.]][^4] [^1]: ‘Chimpanzee’, *Wikipedia*, updated 6 March 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee. [^2]: Anne E. Pusey, ‘[[Pusey. ‘Warlike chimpanzees and peacemaking bonobos’, 2022.|Warlike chimpanzees and peacemaking bonobos]]’, *PNAS \[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]*, vol. 119, no. 31 (26 July 2022), p. 2. [^3]: Ulrike Gerloff, *et al.*, ‘[[Gerloff, et al. ‘Intracommunity relationships, dispersal patterns and paternity success in a wild living community of Bonobos (Pan paniscus) determined from DNA analysis of faecal samples’, 1999.|Intracommunity relationships, dispersal patterns and paternity success in a wild living community of Bonobos (*Pan paniscus*) determined from DNA analysis of faecal samples]]’, *Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences* vol. 266, issue 1424 (7 June 1999), p. 1189. [^4]: M. Papasavrou, et al, ‘[[Papastavrou, et al. ‘Breastfeeding in the Course of History’, 2015.|Breastfeeding in the Course of History]]’, *Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care* 2, issue 6 (8 September 2015), pp. 1–2.