\[ **BT: [[literature]]** ] --- # Ernest Hemingway ## Ernest Hemingway and gender > [[Langevin, ‘The Meanings of Cross-Dressing’, 1985#^92e82b|‘Yalom and Yalom (1971), for example, discussed the influence that Ernest Hemingway had on 20th century ideals of the male role. They noted that his name was a synonym for ultramasculinity-action, courage, physical prowess, stamina, violence, independence-and that he was the heroic model of an age. A photograph of him in hunting costume with rifle and his catch at his feet is familiar to his many fans who idealized his interpretation of the male stereotype. Yet, his private writings show a considerable degree of gender confusion.’]][^1] [^1]: Ron Langevin, ‘[[Langevin, ‘The Meanings of Cross-Dressing’, 1985|The Meanings of Cross-Dressing]]’, in *Gender Dysphoria: Development, Research, Management*, ed. Betty W. Steiner (Springer US, 1985), pp. 207–208, [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4784-2_7](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4784-2_7).