[ **up: [[Library of Congress Subject Headings]]** ] --- # Notes on subject headings (LCSH) ## FOLKLORE > ‘… certain genre headings, such as **Folk literature**, **Folk drama**, **Folk poetry**, etc., are treated as literary form headings, while others, such as **Tales**, are treated as folklore headings’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.1). ### 1. assignment of headings #### a. general rule - ==apply the appropriate combination of the following types of headings to folkloric works==: `650 #0 $a [ethnic, national, or occupational group] $z [place] $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a [theme] $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a [heading(s) for specific folklore genre(s)] $z [place].` `650 #0 $a Folklore $z [place].` `651 #0 $a [place] $x Social life and customs.` `650 #0 $a [other topics, as applicable]` ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.1). **b. special provisions** ##### (1) folklore collections - ‘==Assign to a collection of folklore texts, if possible, the first three categories of headings listed above.== Assign other headings as appropriate for the work’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.2). ##### (2) works that discuss folklore - ‘Assign headings in the first three categories above to works limited to a specific genre, further subdividing the genre heading by **–History and criticism** (or by more specific subdivisions such as **–Themes, motives** or **–Classification**, if appropriate)’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.2). ##### (3) works not limited to a specific genre - ‘==To works not limited to a specific genre, assign headings in the fourth and fifth categories instead of those in the third category.== Do not use the subdivision **–History and criticism** under these headings’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.2). ### 2. explanation of the categories of headings #### a. ethnic, national, or occupational group ##### (1) general rule - ‘==When possible, assign headings of the type **\[*ethnic, national,*== ==*or occupational group*]–\[*place, if appropriate*]–Folklore**==’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.2). `650 #0 $a Jews $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a Italians $z Austria $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a Chimney sweeps $z Netherlands $x Folklore.` - ‘==Do not assign headings of this type for individual nationalities within their own countries.== Use instead **Folklore–\[*place*]** or headings for individual genres with local subdivision, for example, **Folklore–Italy** \[*not* Italians–Folklore]’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.2). ##### (2) occupational groups - ==if discussing the folklore of an occupational group with in a single ethnic group, assign headings for both groups== ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.2). `650 #0 $a Weavers $z Morocco $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a Berbers $z Morocco $x Folklore.` ##### (3) influence of one ethnic group on another’s folklore > Designate ==the influence of an ethnic group on the folklore of another group== by establishing and assigning headings of the following **\[ethnic group]–Folklore–\[ … ] influences**, for example, **Finno-Ugrians–Folklore–Slavic influences**’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.3). ### b. special themes in folklore > ‘If the work has a special theme, designate the theme by means of the free-floating subdivision **–Folklore** under topics’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.4). `650 #0 $a Stars $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a Lizards $z Louisiana $x Folklore.` - ‘==Do not use the subdivision **–Folklore** under topics that are inherently folkloric==, such as **Evil eye**; **Ghosts**; **Mermaids**’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.4). - ‘==Do not confuse this use of the subdivision **–Folklore** under topics with the use of **–Legends** under topics.== The latter subdivision is used under a few religious topics, for example, **Grail–Legends**, but only in connection with published medieval romances and legends. In all other instances the subdivision **–Folklore** is used both for folkloric texts and for criticism.’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.4). ### c. headings for specific folklore genres ![[Pasted image 20240422140425.png]] #### (1) general provisions - ‘==For works of criticism, subdivide the genre heading, or the genre heading with geographic subdivision, by the subdivision **–History and criticism**==, for example, **Tales–Arizona–History and criticism**’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.5). - ‘==Qualify literary genre headings, that is, headings in the third column above, by language or nationality in accordance with normal literary form heading practice. For translations, subdivide these literary genre headings by the appropriate translation subdivisions, for example, **–Translations** or **–Translations into \[ … ]**== (cf. H 2220)’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.5). - ‘==Do not qualify headings in the first column above by language or nationality.== For the special rules for qualifying musical genre headings, and use of the subdivision BTexts, see H 1917. ==Do not use translation subdivisions under headings in either of the first two columns above==’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.5). #### (2) fairy tales - ‘Assign this heading to collections of traditional narratives that typically deal with supernatural beings (such as fairies, ogres, dragons) or supernatural events, and which are often created for the amusement of children. ==If in doubt as to whether to assign the heading **Tales**, which represents the blanket term for traditional narratives, or Fairy tales, prefer **Tales**==’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.5). #### (3) folk literature - ‘Assign this heading to collections containing three or more folklore genres. For collections of two genres, assign the appropriate headings for the genres’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.5). ##### (3a) genres of folk literature - **folk drama**, **folk poetry**, **ballads**, **lyrics of folk songs**, **fables**, **proverbs**, **riddles**, **jokes**, or **toasts** ([Folklore and Folk Literature F 590](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeCSM/F590.pdf), 2013, p.1) #### (4) legends - ‘==Assign this heading to collections of traditional narratives generally regarded by their tellers as true.== They may include narratives that are religious…, supernatural …, about individuals …, or about specific places (such as those emphasizing place name origins, or folk histories)’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.6). - for legends about historical persons and/or legendary persons: **\[*name of person*]–Legends** ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.6). - ‘Qualify the heading **Legends** by the names of religions to designate the legends of individual religions, for example, **Christian legends**; **Buddhist legends**’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.6). - ‘Subdivide the heading **Legends** or the form subdivision **–Legends** by the subdivision **–History and criticism** for works that discuss the genre’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.6). #### (5) tales - ‘Assign this heading to collections of traditional narratives that are for the most part fictitious and are told primarily for entertainment’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). *Title: Yankee yarns.* `650 #0 $a Tales $z New England.` - ‘For works that are collections of a single tale type, assign a heading of the type **\[*tale name*] (Tale)**, for example, **Dragon slayer (Tale)**’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). - ‘==For works that discuss the type, subdivide by **–History and criticism**.== Some headings of this type may also be represented by a similar uniform title heading that is used for added entries. Do not use the uniform title in assigning subject headings. ==For example, use **Puss in Boots (Tale)** instead of the uniform title **Puss in boots==**’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). ### d. folklore - ‘Assign this heading, with geographic subdivision if appropriate, to ==works that discuss folklore in general or that discuss folklore as a discipline==’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). - ==’Do not assign this heading to a work that deals only with one or more specific folklore genres==’; instead, use the specific genres with the subdivision **–History and criticism**, OR the heading **Folk literature** with the subdivision **–History and criticism** ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). - ‘==When the heading is subdivided by place, assign an additional heading of the type **\[*place*]–Social life and customs**==’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). - ‘In the case of national groups in countries other than their own (but not American ethnic groups), assign a folklore heading to bring out the place of origin and another to bring out the present location’ ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.7). `650 #0 $a Germans $z Romania $x Folklore.` `650 #0 $a Folklore $z Romania.` `650 #0 $a Folklore $z Germany.` ### e. other topics - Assign other headings as needed ([Folklore H 1627](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf), 2013: p.8). `650 #0 $a Traditional medicine.` `650 #0 $a Literature and folklore.` `650 #0 $a Folk dentistry.` `650 #0 $a Psychoanalysis and folklore.` `650 #0 $a Oral tradition.` `650 #0 $a Folklore and history.` `650 #0 $a Storytelling.` --- ## GODS AND MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURES > ‘Until July 2013, headings for individual named gods, goddesses, and mythological figures were established in LCSH. After that date, ==headings for individual named gods, goddesses, and mythological figures are established as RDA name authority records==. Groups of gods, goddesses, and mythological figures, and types of them, continue to be established in LCSH. The heading **God** and headings of the type **God (*name of religion*)** (e.g., **God (Christianity)**; **God (Greek religion)**) also continue to be established in LCSH’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.1). ### 1. groups of gods and goddesses #### a. form of heading - ‘Establish named groups of gods and goddesses in the subject authority file. Qualify the name of each group with **(\[name of religion, ethnic group, etc.] deities)** as appropriate. Do not divide headings geographically.’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.1). `150 ## $a Ādityas (Hindu deities)` `150 ## $a Amesha Spentas (Zoroastrian deities)` `150 ## $a Nymphs (Greek deities)` #### b. references - ‘Make a BT for Gods or Goddesses, qualified by the name of the religion, ethnic group, etc.’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.1). `550 ## $w g $a Aztec goddesses` `550 ## $w g $a Gods, Roman` `550 ## $w g $a Goddesses, Greek` *or* `550 ## $w g $a Hindu goddesses` - where equivalence between groups can be determined, also ad a 550 (related term) field to the record ![[Pasted image 20240422150850.png]] ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.2) ### 2. groups of mythological figures #### a. form of heading - ‘Establish named groups of mythological figures in the subject authority file. Qualify the name of each group with **(\[nationality, ethnic group, etc.] mythology)** as appropriate. ==Do not divide headings geographically==’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.2). `150 ## $a Argonauts (Greek mythology)` `150 ## $a Furies (Roman mythology)` `150 ## $a Valkyries (Norse mythology` #### b. references - ‘Make a BT for Mythology, qualified by the name of the religion, ethnic group, etc.’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.3). `550 ## $w g $a Abenaki mythology` `550 ## $w g $a Buddhist mythology` `550 ## $w g $a Gods, Roman` *or* `550 ## $w g $a Mythology, Japanese` ![[Pasted image 20240422151327.png]] ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.3) ### 3. types of mythological monsters, animals, etc. #### a. form of heading - ‘Establish types of mythological monsters, animals, etc., in the subject authority file. Qualify the heading if necessary to remove ambiguity or elucidate the term or phrase (cf. H 357). If adding a qualifier, prefer the form **(\[nationality, ethnic group, etc.] mythology)**’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.4). `150 ## $a Basilisks (Mythical animals)` `150 ## $a Leopard men` - ‘Treat individual mythological items, structures, etc., in the same way’ ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.4). `150 ## $a Augean stables (Greek mythology)` `150 ## $a Golden bough (Roman mythology)` #### b. references ![[Pasted image 20240422151624.png]] ([Gods and Mythological Figures](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf), 2020: p.4) --- ## HISTORY > ‘The subdivision **-History** may be used under most headings to designate a historical treatment of the topic in question. There are, however, certain restrictions on its use’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.1). ### 1. general rule > ‘… ==use the free-floating subdivision **-History** under topical headings, classes of persons, ethnic groups, uniform titles of sacred works, names of places, including jurisdictions that no longer exist, and corporate bodies, for descriptions and explanations of past events concerning the topic, group, sacred work, place, or organization==’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.1). `650 #0 $a Aeronautics $x History.` `650 #0 $a Indians of North America $x History.` `630 00 $a Qur’an $x History.` `651 #0 $a Washington (D.C.) $x History.` `651 #0 $a Holy Roman Empire $x History.` `610 20 $a Catholic Church $x History.` `610 20 $a General Motors Corporation $x History.` - ***do not*** use **-History** under ‘headings or subdivisions that denote history’, are already obviously historical, or are otherwise being treated as ‘inherently historical’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.1). - ***do not*** use **-History** under literary, music, film, television program, and video recording form headings. ==Instead, use **–History and criticism**== (e.g. `English poetry-History and criticism`) ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.1). - ***do not*** use **-History** under art genre headings qualified by the names of national, ethnic, or religious groups ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.1). - ***do not*** use **-History** under name-title headings or uniform titles *other* than sacred works ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.2). - ***do not*** use **-History** under the names of people, families, dynasties, royal houses, etc ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.2). ### 2. chronological subdivisions #### a. Established chronological subdivisions. > ‘==Use **-History** further subdivided by chronological subdivisions for specific time periods where they are established under headings for topics and places==.’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.2). `651 #0 $a United States $x History $y Civil War, 1861-1865.` `651 #0 $a Japan $x History $y Heian period, 794-1185.` `650 #0 $a Theater $x History $y To 500.` #### b. Free-floating chronological subdivisions. > ‘==Historical periods may also be brought out by headings of the type **\[*topic*]-History–To 1500** or **\[*topic*]-History–16th, \[17th,18th, 19th, 20th, or 21st] century**.== > Assign these free-floating **\[*topic*]-History\[ … ]** century subdivisions whenever it is possible to do so, that is, when there is no contrary provision in the subject authority file. Also assign, on a free-floating basis, headings of the type **\[*place or corporate body*]–\[*topic*]–History–16th, \[17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, or 21st] century** so long as the topical subdivision is not one of those listed in sec. 9, and no contrary provision exists in the subject authority file’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.2). `650 #0 $a Technology $z France $x History $y 20th century.` `651 #0 $a New York (N.Y.) $x Commerce $x History $y 19th century.` `610 10 $a Virginia. $b General Assembly $x Contested elections $x History $y 19th century.` > ‘In 1997, ==subdivisions of the type **–History–16th, \[17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, or 21st] century**== were added to H 1140, thereby allowing their free-floating use under geographic headings at any level. These subdivisions were added to facilitate subject access by time period, ==primarily for places smaller than countries== where chronological subdivisions were previously not established … Assign these century subdivisions only where there is no conflict with chronological subdivisions established in the subject authority file’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.3). ### 3. headings and subdivisions that are historical in nature ‘==Do not use the subdivision **–History** under headings that already denote history==, a historical time period, or a historical event, or that have an obvious historical connotation’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.4). `650 #0 $a Social history.` `650 #0 $a Nineteen seventies.` `650 #0 $a Renaissance.` `650 #0 $a Reconstruction (1914-1939)` `650 #0 $a Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988.` `611 20 $a Paris Peace Conference $d (1919-1920)` > ‘==Do not use the subdivision **–History** as a further subdivision after subdivisions that represent events==’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.4). `650 #0 $a Solar eclipses $y 1869.` `610 20 $a Triangle Shirtwaist Company $x Fire, 1911` `651 #0 $a Vesuvius (Italy) $x Eruption, 79` > ‘Also, ==do not use **–History** after subdivisions that denote history or that have traditionally been regarded as being explicitly or implicitly historical==’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.4).’ > ‘Further subdivide these historical headings and subdivisions directly by the chronological subdivisions that are established or authorized for free-floating use with them’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.4). `650 #0 $a Military history, Modern $y 20th century.` `651 #0 $a United States $x Foreign relations $y 1783-1815.` `651 #0 $a Boston (Mass.) $x Politics and government$y 1775-1865.` `651 #0 $a Buenos Aires (Argentina) $x Intellectual life $y 20th century.` ### 4. historical source materials - *see*: [[#PRIMARY SOURCES / SOURCES]] ### 5. chronology - *see:* ### 6. philosophy headings - *note, there are extra details on **philosophy headings**, see the original guide.* ### 7. form subdivisions > ‘In those instances where it is necessary to designate the history of a form, and no other provisions exist, assign the subdivision **–History** after the subdivision. Code the subdivision as an $x subfield because it is functioning as a topical subdivision’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.5). *Title: Development of medical periodicals.* `650 #0 $a Medicine $x Periodicals $x History.` > ‘Form subdivisions that may not be used as topical subdivisions. ==Certain form subdivisions may not be used as topical subdivisions because the corresponding topical aspect is designated by another subdivision==’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.5). *Form heading:* `650 #0 $a Medicine $v Indexes.` *History of the topic:* `650 #0 $a Medicine $x Abstracting and indexing $x History.` - ‘By custom, ==art form subdivisions are not further subdivided== ==by **–History**==, including the subdivisions **–Art**, **–Portraits**, and **–Illustrations’** ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.5). #### 8. further subdivision by place > ‘Do not subdivide the subdivision **–History** by place in order to designate the history of a discipline in a particular place. Instead, as a general rule, use headings of the `650 $0 $a [discipline] $z [place] $x History`’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.6). > ‘Thus ==no distinction is normally made between the history of the discipline in a place and the history of conditions in a place. The above heading is used to designate both aspects==’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.6). > ‘Note: ==For some disciplines these two aspects are separately designated==. In the case of economics, for example, the heading **Economics–\[*place*]–History** designates the history of the discipline in a place, whereas the history of economic conditions in a place is designated by the subdivision **–Economic conditions** under the name of the place. Normally, exceptional situations of this type are explained by scope notes in the subject authority file’ ([History H 1647](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf) 2018, p.6). ### 9. subdivisions not further subdivided by –History or –History—\[*century*]. ==Do not use **–History** or **–History—\[*century*]** after the following free-floating subdivisions:== –Annexation to [ … ] –Anniversaries, etc. –Antiquities (H 1225) –art (H 1250) –Centennial celebrations, etc. –Chronology (H 1367) –Church history –Civilization (H 1370) –Commercial policy (H 1642) –Cultural policy (H 1642) –Description and travel (H 1530) –Discovery and exploration (H 1564) –Economic conditions (H 1578) –Economic policy –Environmental conditions –Foreign economic relations –Foreign relations (H 1629) –Genealogy (H 1631) –Geography (H 1530) –Gold discoveries –Historical geography –Historiography –History –History, Local (H 1845) –History, Military –History, Naval –History of doctrines –Illustrations (H 1659) –Intellectual life –Kings and rulers –Military policy –Military relations (H 1996) –Moral conditions –Origin –Politics and government (H 1942) –Population policy (H 1642) –Portraits (H 1250) –Queens –Relations (H 1996) –Religion (H 1997) –Religious life and customs (H 2016) –Rural conditions –Social conditions (H 2055) –Social life and customs (H 2057) –Social policy --- ## PLACES ### China and Taiwan #### China ([China and Taiwan H 925](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0925.pdf) 2013, p.1) `651 #0 $a China $x History $y Song dynasty, 960-1279.` `650 #0 $a Education $z China $x History $y 1949-1976.` `651 #0 $a China $x Politics and government $y 1937-1945.` #### Taiwan > ‘Assign the heading Taiwan for works on the island of Taiwan, regardless of time period, and the post-1948 Republic of China.’ ([China and Taiwan H 925](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0925.pdf) 2013, p.1) `651 #0 $a Taiwan $x History $y 1895-1945.` `651 #0 $a Taiwan $x Foreign relations $z United States.` > ‘As a geographic subdivision, use Taiwan directly after topics. Divide indirectly through Taiwan for localities on Taiwan.’ ([China and Taiwan H 925](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0925.pdf) 2013, p.1) `50 #0 $a Education $z Taiwan. `650 #0 $a Housing $z Taiwan $z Taipei.` --- ## PRIMARY SOURCES / SOURCES *to be added* --- ## RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF TOPICS ![[Pasted image 20240422152654.png]] ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.1) #### –Religious aspects - ==Do not use on topics that are inherently religious or ethical== ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.1). - ‘==Do not use **–Religious aspects** under classes of persons or ethnic groups for works on the religious life or religions of those classes or groups.== For the religious life of specific classes of persons, use the subdivision **–Religious life** in accordance with instructions in H 2015.5. For works on the religion(s) of specific ethnic groups, use the subdivision **–Religion** in accordance with instructions in H 1997’ ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.2). - ‘==Do not interpose geographic subdivisions between the topic and the subdivision **–Religious aspects**==’ ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.2). Instead, add a second heading to show the region. *Title: Christian views on abortion in the United States.* `650 #0 $a Abortion $x Religious aspects $x Christianity.` `650 #0 $a Abortion $z United States.` - ‘==Treat headings of the type **\[topic]–Religious aspects** as religious headings.== If required for the work being cataloged, further subdivide these headings by the subdivisions provided for use under religious topics in H 1095, such as **–Comparative studies**; **–History of doctrines**; **–Meditations**’ ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.3). #### –Mythology ![[Pasted image 20240422153248.png]] ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.4) #### –Moral and ethical aspects - ‘Use the free-floating subdivision **–Moral and ethical aspects** *(May Subd Geog)* under non-religious or non-ethical topics to designate works that discuss moral and/or ethical questions regarding the topic, for example, **Dancing–Moral and ethical aspects** *(May Subd Geog)*; **Terminal care–Moral and ethical aspects** *(May Subd Geog)*’ ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.4). #### headings with religions or denominations as parenthetical qualifiers - ==these are no longer preferred==, e.g. it would be better to construct `Amulets-Religious aspects--Hinduism` than `Amulets (Hinduism)` ![[Pasted image 20240422162159.png]] ([Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf) 2020, p.6) --- ## QUALIFIATION OF GEOGRAPHIC HEADINGS ![[Pasted image 20240422145311.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.1) ### Australian geographic headings ![[Pasted image 20240422145416.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.10) ### headings vs. qualifiers ![[Pasted image 20240422145533.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.3) ![[Pasted image 20240422145614.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.4) ### entities of the same type ![[Pasted image 20240422145721.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.5) ### entities in cities ![[Pasted image 20240422145811.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.6) ### entities in two jurisdictions ![[Pasted image 20240422145913.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.8) ### entities in more than two juridictions ![[Pasted image 20240422145856.png]] ([Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810](https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf) 2018, p.8) --- ## Bibliography ‘China and Taiwan H 925’, *Subject Headings Manual*, September 2013, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0925.pdf. ‘Folklore and Folk Literature F 590’, *Classification and Shelflisting Manual*, July 2013, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeCSM/F590.pdf. ‘Folklore H 1627’, *Subject Headings Manual,* September 2013, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1627.pdf. ‘Gods and Mythological Figures H 1635’, *Subject Headings Manual*, January 2020, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1635.pdf. ‘History H 1647’, *Subject Headings Manual*, February 2018, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1647.pdf. ‘Qualification of Geographic Headings H 810’, *Subject Headings Manual,* June 2018, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0810.pdf. ‘Religious Aspects of Topics H 1998’, *Subject Headings Manual,* August 2020, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H1998.pdf. ‘Sources H 2080’, *Subject Headings Manual*, August 2020, https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H2080.pdf.