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# Marriage
[[2024-0415. 'The institution of marriage is almost universal across human societies, and marriage norms generally proscribe the responsibilities of caring for children.'|'The institution of marriage is almost universal across human societies, and marriage norms generally proscribe the responsibilities of caring for children.']][^1]
[[2024-0727. Societal ideals about 'romantic' love regulate not just our expectations about sex, but also our conceptions of family and the nature of parenthood.|Societal ideals about 'romantic' love regulate not just our expectations about sex, but also our conceptions of family and the nature of parenthood.]][^2]
[[2024-0727. The expectation that marriages will involve a sexual element is still written into marriage law.|The expectation that marriages will involve a sexual element is still written into marriage law.]][^3]
[[2024-0727. In the UK, a marriage can be annulled if it was not consummated.]][^4]
[[2024-0727. Freedom to choose one's own relationships without fear, shame, or secrecy, is critical for society as a collective.|Freedom to choose one's own relationships without fear, shame, or secrecy, is critical for society as a collective.]][^5]
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## Types of marriage
### Monogamy
- [[Monogamy]]
### Non-monogamy
- [[Non-monogamous relationships]]
- [[Polygamy]]
- [[Polyandry]]
- [[Polygyny]]
- [[Group marriage]]
- [[Polyamory]]
### Shorter forms of marriage
- [[Trial marriage]]
- [[Handfasting (Celtic trial marriage)]]
- [[Love contracts (Temporary marriage)]]
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## Marriage by motivation
- [[Exchange marriage]]
- [[Marriage of convenience]]
- [[Lavender marriage]]
- [[Queerplatonic relationships]]
- [[Romantic love]]
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## Marriage by geography
- *See:* [[Marriage--China]]
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## Marriage payments
[[2024-0726. Marriage-related wealth transfers are common in many societies, especially traditional farming and herding societies.|Marriage-related wealth transfers are common in many societies, especially traditional farming and herding societies.]][^6]
### Bridewealth
[[Polygyny and pastoralism often coevolve with bridewealth (transfers from the groom or his family to the bride’s family).|Polygyny and pastoralism often coevolve with bridewealth (transfers from the groom or his family to the bride’s family).]][^7]
### Dowry
[[2024-0415. Dowries are a form of female-biased property inheritance that tends to be practised in societies with land property and monogamy.|Dowries are a form of female-biased property inheritance that tends to be practised in societies with land property and monogamy.]][^8]
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## Prenuptial Agreements
[[2024-1019. 'There is no absolute bulletproof vest in marriage. The only way forward is for a couple to show mutual understanding and sincerity.'|'There is no absolute bulletproof vest in marriage. The only way forward is for a couple to show mutual understanding and sincerity.']][^9]
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- *See also:* [[Divorce]]
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![[Provenance Online Project _ Woodcut illustration of the goddess Juno as patron of marriage _ CC0 1.0.jpg]]
‘Woodcut illustration of the goddess Juno as patron of marriage’, dated 1473, shared by POP \[Provenance Online Project]. ([CC0 1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse)).[^10]
[^1]: Juan Du and Ruth Mace, ‘[[Du & Mace. ‘Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society’, 2019.|Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society]]’, *Behavioural Ecology* 30, no. 6 (8 November 2019), p. 1.
[^2]: Carrie Jenkins, ‘[[Jenkins. ‘How a hackneyed romantic ideal is used to stigmatise polyamory’, 2017.|How a hackneyed romantic ideal is used to stigmatise polyamory]], *Aeon*, 3 February 2017, [https://aeon.co/ideas/how-a-hackneyed-romantic-ideal-is-used-to-stigmatise-polyamory](https://aeon.co/ideas/how-a-hackneyed-romantic-ideal-is-used-to-stigmatise-polyamory).
[^3]: Natasha McKeever and Luke Brunning, ‘[[McKeever & Brunning. ‘Being asexual’, 2019.|Being asexual]]’, *Aeon*, 19 November 2019, https://aeon.co/essays/what-being-asexual-or-aromantic-tells-us-about-sex-and-romance.
[^4]: Natasha McKeever and Luke Brunning, ‘[[McKeever & Brunning. ‘Being asexual’, 2019.|Being asexual]]’, *Aeon*, 19 November 2019, https://aeon.co/essays/what-being-asexual-or-aromantic-tells-us-about-sex-and-romance.
[^5]: Carrie Jenkins, ‘[[Jenkins. ‘How a hackneyed romantic ideal is used to stigmatise polyamory’, 2017.|How a hackneyed romantic ideal is used to stigmatise polyamory]], *Aeon*, 3 February 2017, [https://aeon.co/ideas/how-a-hackneyed-romantic-ideal-is-used-to-stigmatise-polyamory](https://aeon.co/ideas/how-a-hackneyed-romantic-ideal-is-used-to-stigmatise-polyamory).
[^6]: Juan Du and Ruth Mace, ‘[[Du & Mace. ‘Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society’, 2019.|Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society]]’, *Behavioural Ecology* 30, no. 6 (8 November 2019), p. 1.
[^7]: Juan Du and Ruth Mace, ‘[[Du & Mace. ‘Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society’, 2019.|Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society]]’, *Behavioural Ecology* 30, no. 6 (8 November 2019), p. 1.
[^8]: Juan Du and Ruth Mace, ‘[[Du & Mace. ‘Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society’, 2019.|Marriage Stability in a Pastoralist Society]]’, *Behavioural Ecology* 30, no. 6 (8 November 2019), p. 1.
[^9]: Zheng Yiwen, ‘Before Forever: The Rise of Prenuptial Agreements in China’, *The World of Chinese*, 10 April 2024, https://www.theworldofchinese.com/2024/04/before-forever-the-rise-of-prenuptial-agreements-in-china/.
[^10]: ‘POP \[pseud], ‘Woodcut illustration of the goddess Juno as patron of marriage’ (dated 1473), *Flickr*, 14 January 2012, https://flic.kr/p/bcszcp. Licenced [CC0 1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse).