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# Qi 气
(氣 in Traditional Chinese)
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In traditional Chinese thought, *qi* is ‘traditionally believed to be a vital force’ and part of all living entities.[^1] It is the [[2025-0323. 'The basic stuff out of which all things are made is called qi.'|'basic stuff out of which all things are made']].[^2]
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The attempt to “cultivate and balance” qi is called [[Qigong]].[^3] (*See:* [[Qigong]].)
- [[@oh_fudgecakes, 'Qi Deviation is a very real concept'|Qi Deviation is a very real concept]]
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## Translation into English
> As an axiomatic concept with a wide range of meaning, the word *qi* has over the years been translated in numerous ways. Different translators render it into English in three different ways:
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> 1) “psychophysical stuff,” because it involves phenomena one would consider both psychological — connected to human thoughts and feelings — and physical;
> 2) “pneuma,” drawing on one early etymology of the word as vapor, steam, or breath; and
> 3) “vital energy,” accentuating the potential for life inherent to the more ethereal forms of *qi*.[^4]
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## Qi and traditional Chinese medicine
- [[Sānbǎo 三寶 (Three Treasures)|Three Treasures]]
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## History
### Prior to the Han dynasty
[[2024-0607. Prior the Han, qi was a protean word of many and variable meanings (air, breath, mists, shades of the dead, cloud forms, etc).|Prior the Han, qi was a protean word of many and variable meanings (air, breath, mists, shades of the dead, cloud forms, etc).]][^5]
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### Third century BCE
#### Sound and qi
[[2024-0415. From around the mid-third century BCE, it was posited that sound measured cosmic qi.|From around the mid-third century BCE, it was posited that sound measured cosmic qi.]][^6]
[^1]: ‘Qi’, *Wikipedia*, updated 18 March 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi.
[^2]: Asia for Educators, ‘The Chinese Cosmos: Basic Concepts’, *Religion in China*, retrieved 15 April 2024, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/bgov/cosmos.htm. Adapted from Stephen F. Teiser’s *The Spirits of Chinese Religion.*
[^3]: ’Qi’, *Wikipedia*, updated 18 March 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi.
[^4]: Asia for Educators, ‘The Chinese Cosmos: Basic Concepts’, *Religion in China*, retrieved 15 April 2024, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/bgov/cosmos.htm. Adapted from Stephen F. Teiser’s *The Spirits of Chinese Religion.*
[^5]: Nathan Sivin & G. E. R. Lloyd, ‘Why Wasn’t Chinese Science about Nature? With a Discussion of Concepts of Nature in Ancient Greece and Comparisions’, *The Way and the Word*, last updated 7 September 2003, https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~nsivin/wayword.html.
[^6]: Noa Hegesh, ‘[[Hegesh. ‘Mind the Gap_ Acoustical Answers to Cosmological Concerns in First-Century B.C.E. China’, 2021.|Mind the Gap: Acoustical Answers to Cosmological Concerns in First-Century B.C.E. China]]’, *Isis*, vol. 112, no. 4 (2 December 2021), p. 646.