# Social relationships > “Differences in social relationships among community members are often explained by differences in genetic relationships.”[^1] > “Cooperation among unrelated individuals becomes beneficial if it is based on reciprocal altruism or mutualism (Trivers 1971; Noe 1990; Dugatkin 1997).”[^1] --- - *See also:* - [[Kinship]] [^1]: Ulrike Gerloff, et al., ‘[[Gerloff, et al. ‘Intracommunity relationships, dispersal patterns and paternity success in a wild living community of Bonobos (Pan paniscus) determined from DNA analysis of faecal samples’, 1999.|Intracommunity relationships, dispersal patterns and paternity success in a wild living community of Bonobos (*Pan paniscus*) determined from DNA analysis of faecal samples]]’, *Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences* vol. 266, issue 1424 (7 June 1999), p. 1189.