[ **up: [[Mammals]] | [[Mammals]] | [[Carnivorans]] | [[Canidae (Family)]] | [[Canis (Genus)]]** ] --- # Wolves (*Canus lupus*) --- ## Taxonomy - **[[Life (Biology)]]** - **[[Eukaryotes|Eukaryota (Domain)]]** - **[[Animals|Animalia (Kingdom)]]** - [[Chordates|Chordata (Phylum)]] - [[Mammals|Mammalia (Class)]] - [[Therians|Theria (Subclass)]] - [[Placentals|Eutheria (Infraclass)]] - [[Carnivorans|Carnivora (Order)]] - [[Canidae (Family)]] - *[[Canis (Genus)]]* - *[[Wolves|Canis lupus]]* <small>WOLVES</small> --- ## Habits ### Human–wolf interactions #### Domestication [[2023-0917. Wolves are thought to have been first domesticated in East Asia.|Wolves are thought to have been first domesticated in East Asia.]][^1] [[2023-0917. All dog breeds descend from domesticated wolves.|‘All existent dog breeds descend from domesticated wolves.’]][^2] [[2023-0917. Interbreeding with grey wolves was likely an important part of dog maintenance throughout early dog domestication.|Interbreeding with grey wolves was likely an important part of dog maintenance throughout early dog domestication.]][^3] --- ## Status and conservation ### Population decline #### Culling [[2023-0917. European wolf populations have suffered extensive decline due to anthropogenic culling.|European wolf populations have suffered extensive decline due to anthropogenic culling.]][^4] #### Hybridisation [[2023-0917. Genetic contamination via crossbreeding with domestic dogs is a major concern in wolf conservation.|'One major concern in wolf (Canis lupus) conservation is the risk of genetic contamination due to crossbreeding with domestic dogs.']][^5] [[2024-0722. Wolves are known to hybridise with other canid species, particularly in areas of range overlap and where population depletion reduces mate availability.|'Wolves are known to hybridize with other canid species, particularly in areas of range overlap and in cases where population depletion reduces mate availability.']][^6] [[2023-0917. Wolf–dog hybridisation is a common event in the areas where large livestock guarding dogs are held in a traditional way.|Wolf–dog hybridisation is a common event in the areas where large livestock guarding dogs are held in a traditional way.]][^7] [[2024-0501. There is evidence of dog-wolf hybridisation in Bulgaria.|There is evidence of dog-wolf hybridisation in Bulgaria.]][^8] [[2023-0917. 'The most common haplotype in a sample of domestic dogs, was also found in 5 wolves, 2 of which revealing a signature of recent hybridization.'|'The most common haplotype in a sample of domestic dogs, was also found in 5 wolves, 2 of which revealing a signature of recent hybridization.']][^9] - *See also:* [[Hybridisation]] [^1]: Natia Kopaliani et al., ‘[[Kopaliani, et al. ‘Gene flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)’, 2014.|Gene Flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)]]’, *Journal of Heredity* 105, no. 3 (May 2014), p. 345. [^2]: Natia Kopaliani et al, ‘[[Kopaliani, et al. ‘Gene flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)’, 2014.|Gene Flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)]]’, *Journal of Heredity* 105, no. 3 (1 May 2014), p. 345. [^3]: Natia Kopaliani et al., ‘[[Kopaliani, et al. ‘Gene flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)’, 2014.|Gene Flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)]]’, *Journal of Heredity* 105, no. 3 (May 2014), p. 351. [^4]: Andre E. Moura, et al. ‘[[Moura et al. ‘Unregulated hunting and Genetic Recovery from a Severe population decline_ the Cautionary Case of Bulgarian Wolves’, 2014.|Unregulated hunting and genetic recovery from a severe population decline: the cautionary case of Bulgarian wolves]]’, *Conservation Genetics* 15, no. 2, (1 November 2013), p. 1. [^5]: Laura Iacolina, et al. ‘[[Iacolina, et al. ‘Y-Chromosome Microsatellite Variation in Italian Wolves_ A Contribution to the Study of Wolf-Dog Hybridization Patterns’, 2010.|Y-Chromosome Microsatellite Variation in Italian Wolves: A Contribution to the Study of Wolf-Dog Hybridization Patterns]]’, *Mammalian Biology* 75, no. 4, (July 2010), abstract. [^6]: Andre E. Moura, et al., ‘[[Moura et al. ‘Unregulated hunting and Genetic Recovery from a Severe population decline_ the Cautionary Case of Bulgarian Wolves’, 2014.|Unregulated hunting and genetic recovery from a severe population decline: the cautionary case of Bulgarian wolves]]’, *Conservation Genetics* 15, no. 2, (1 November 2013), p. 413. [^7]: Natia Kopaliani et al., ‘[[Kopaliani, et al. ‘Gene flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)’, 2014.|Gene Flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)]]’, *Journal of Heredity* 105, no. 3 (May 2014), p. 345. [^8]: Andre E. Moura, et al., ‘[[Moura et al. ‘Unregulated hunting and Genetic Recovery from a Severe population decline_ the Cautionary Case of Bulgarian Wolves’, 2014.|Unregulated hunting and genetic recovery from a severe population decline: the cautionary case of Bulgarian wolves]]’, *Conservation Genetics* 15, no. 2, (1 November 2013), p. 412. [^9]: Laura Iacolina, et al. ‘[[Iacolina, et al. ‘Y-Chromosome Microsatellite Variation in Italian Wolves_ A Contribution to the Study of Wolf-Dog Hybridization Patterns’, 2010.|Y-Chromosome Microsatellite Variation in Italian Wolves: A Contribution to the Study of Wolf-Dog Hybridization Patterns]]’, *Mammalian Biology* 75, no. 4, (July 2010), abstract.