\[ **BT: [[human beings#conception (fertilisation)|conception]]** ]
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# assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
[[Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are technologies designed to help those struggling with conception to achieve pregnancy. Some organizations limit their definition of ART to only egg or embryo-related procedures.]][^1]
## ART in China
[[Following a 2001 Chinese government order, IUI and IVF were only available to infertile married couples; surrogacy, and the trading of human sperm, eggs and embryos, were prohibited.]][^2]
[[China’s ART regulations reinforce the hetero-reproductive family model to the exclusion of single and non-heterosexual people.]][^3]
### private Chinese ART providers
[[Although there are two types of private ART companies in China, neither is actually licenced to provide medical treatment.]][^4]
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## ↬ external resources
- [Why it’s getting easier to be a single mum in China (BBC)](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-66064589)
- [From offline to online: understanding Chinese single mothers’ uncertainty management in interpersonal and online contexts (Frontiers in Psychology)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9120956/)
## endnotes
[^1]: Meaghan Jain, Elisa Fang, and Manvinder Singh, ‘[[Jain et al., ‘Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Techniques’, 2023|Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Techniques]]’, *National Library of Medicine*, updated 7 June 2023, n.p., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576409/.
[^2]: Han Tao, ‘[[Tao, ‘Desirable Future or Unaffordable Hope’, 2022|A Desirable Future of Unaffordable Hope? Queer People Becoming Parents Through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Guangdong, China]]’, *Culture, Health & Sexuality*, vol. 25, no. 4 (2022), p. 415, https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2049879.
[^3]: Tao, ‘[[Tao, ‘Desirable Future or Unaffordable Hope’, 2022|A Desirable Future of Unaffordable Hope? Queer People Becoming Parents Through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Guangdong, China]]’, p. 415.
[^4]: Tao, ‘[[Tao, ‘Desirable Future or Unaffordable Hope’, 2022|A Desirable Future of Unaffordable Hope? Queer People Becoming Parents Through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Guangdong, China]]’, p. 415.