# Widemo, ‘Natural History of the Ruff’, c. 1992. > [!cite] > Widemo, Fredrik. ‘Natural History of the Ruff.’ Home Page of Dr. Fredrik Widemo, c. 1992. Accessed 3 March 2026. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071031231507/http://www.ebc.uu.se/zooeko/FredrikW/Ruff.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20071031231507/http://www.ebc.uu.se/zooeko/FredrikW/Ruff.html). --- ‘The Independents that succeed in establishing territories are called Residents, and the non-territorial Independents are called Marginals. The Marginals are potential future Residents that act as floaters in the population.’ [[Widemo, ‘Natural History of the Ruff’, c. 1992.|(Widemo c. 1992, n.p.)]] ^3e3574 ‘Satellites are accepted on the territories of Residents as long as they act submissively. Satellites often form a tight association, “coupling”, with Resident males. Satellites are smaller than independents and have less stored fat, since they do not have to fight over, or defend territories.’ [[Widemo, ‘Natural History of the Ruff’, c. 1992.|(Widemo c. 1992, n.p.)]] ^ccfa2f