# *tóngzhì* 同志 [[Tongzhi (lit. comrade) is one of the most popular terms used to refer to sexual minorities in contemporary China.]][^1] Frequently translated as ‘gay’.[^2] [^1]: Hongwei Bao, *[[Bao, Queer Comrades, 2018|Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China]]* (Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2018), p. 3; Shuzhen Huang and Daniel C. Brouwer, ‘[[Huang and Brouwer, ‘Coming Out, Coming Home, Coming With’, 2018|Coming Out, Coming Home, Coming With: Models of Queer Sexuality in Contemporary China]]’, *Journal of International and Intercultural Communication*, vol. 11, no. 2 (2018), p. 99, https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2017.1414867. [^2]: e.g. in Hongwei Bao, *[[Bao, Queer Comrades, 2018|Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China]]*, Gendering Asia 14 (Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2018); Shuzhen Huang and Daniel C. Brouwer, ‘[[Huang and Brouwer, ‘Coming Out, Coming Home, Coming With’, 2018|Coming Out, Coming Home, Coming With: Models of Queer Sexuality in Contemporary China]]’, *Journal of International and Intercultural Communication*, vol. 11, no. 2 (2018), p. 99, https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2017.1414867; Holning Lau et al., ‘Assessing the *Tongzhi* Label: Self-Identification and Public Opinion’, *Journal of Homosexuality* 64, no. 4 (2017), pp. 509–22, [https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1191241](https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1191241), and many more.