\[ **BT: [[chordates]]** ] --- # Vertebrata (Subphylum) ## classification of vertebrates | VERTEBRATE GROUPS | | | Class | Notes | | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | | Anamniote \[no amniotic membrane = must reproduce in water] | Jawless | “Fish” | Myxini | hagfish | | Anamniote | Jawless | “Fish” | Hyperoartia | lampreys | | Anamniote | Jawed | “Fish” | Chondrichthyes | cartilaginous fishes (e.g. sharks, rays, skates) | | Anamniote | Jawed | “Fish” | [[ray-finned fish#Actinopterygii (Class)\|Actinopterygii]] | ray-finned fish | | Anamniote | Jawed | “Fish” | “Sarcopterygii” | lobe-finned fish | | Anamniote | Jawed | Tetrapods | [[#Amphibia (Class)]] | amphibians | | Amniote \[have amniotic membrane = can reproduce in land] | Jawed | Tetrapods | “[[reptiles\|Reptilia]]” | reptiles | | Amniote | Jawed | Tetrapods | [[mammals\|Mammalia]] | mammals | | Amniote | Jawed | Tetrapods | [[birds\|Aves]] | birds | | Amniote | Jawed | Tetrapods | | | [^1] - **NT:** - [[birds]] - fish - [[ray-finned fish]] - [[mammals]] - [[reptiles]] --- ## Amphibia (Class) [[There is a fungal disease, which infects amphibians, has been spread internationally via humans; it has already driven at least ninety species to extinction and threatens hundreds more.]][^2] --- ### endothermic vertebrates \[warm-blooded vertebrates] #### strategies ##### torpor - see: [[torpor]] [^1]: ‘Vertebrate’, Wikipedia, last edited 24 December 2025, 01:24 (UTC), <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate>. [^2]: Merlin Sheldrake, *[[Sheldrake, Entangled Life, 2021|Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds, and Shape Our Futures]]* (Vintage, 2021), p. 9.